Mustafa Kemal Atatürk was a comprehensive reformer and the founder of the Republic of Turkey
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Atatürk initiated a rigorous program of political, economic, and cultural reforms with the ultimate aim of building a modern, progressive, and secular nation-state. He introduced a series of radical reforms in the country's political, social, and economic life that aimed at rapidly transforming Turkey into a modern state . Atatürk's reforms were aimed at modernizing Turkey and making it a secular state .
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He made primary education free and compulsory, opening thousands of new schools all over the country. He also introduced the Latin-based Turkish alphabet, replacing the old Ottoman Turkish alphabet. Atatürk created a banner to mark the changes between the old Ottoman and the new republican rule .
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The ideology behind Atatürk's reform program became known as Kemalism. Its main points were enumerated in the Six Arrows of Kemalism as republicanism, nationalism, populism, reformism, statism, and secularism . These were regarded as "fundamental and unchanging principles" guiding the republic, and, as such, they were written into its constitution .
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