What are the Causes and mechanism of celiac disease development?

 Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that damages the small intestine when gluten is ingested. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. People with celiac disease have an abnormal immune response to gluten, which triggers an inflammatory reaction in the small intestine. This inflammation can damage the villi, which are small finger-like projections that line the small intestine. Villi are responsible for absorbing nutrients from food, so when they are damaged, people with celiac disease may not absorb enough nutrients from their diet.

Causes and mechanism of celiac disease development

The exact cause of celiac disease is not fully understood, but it is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic risk factors for celiac disease include having certain human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes. HLA genes are responsible for presenting antigens to the immune system. In people with celiac disease, the immune system mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues when gluten is ingested.

The environmental trigger for celiac disease is gluten. Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When gluten is ingested, it is broken down into smaller peptides. These peptides can then bind to HLA-DQ2 or HLA-DQ8 molecules, which are present on the surface of immune cells. This binding triggers an immune response, which can lead to inflammation and damage to the small intestine.

Symptoms and course of the disease

The symptoms of celiac disease can vary from person to person and can range from mild to severe. Some common symptoms include:

• Diarrhea
• Weight loss
• Abdominal pain
• bloating
• Fatigue
• Anemia
• Indigestion
• Constipation
• Mouth sores
• Skin rash
• Depression
• Anxiety

The course of celiac disease can also vary from person to person. Some people may experience symptoms only when they eat gluten, while others may have symptoms even when they avoid gluten. In some cases, celiac disease can lead to complications such as osteoporosis, infertility, and neurological problems.

How is celiac disease diagnosed?

There is no single test that can definitively diagnose celiac disease. However, a combination of tests can be used to make a diagnosis. These tests may include:

• Blood tests: Blood tests can be used to measure levels of certain antibodies that are associated with celiac disease.
• Endoscopy with small bowel biopsy: An endoscopy is a procedure in which a doctor inserts a thin, flexible tube with a camera into the stomach and small intestine. During an endoscopy, the doctor can take a biopsy of the small intestine to look for damage caused by celiac disease.
• Genetic testing: Genetic testing can be used to determine if a person has the genetic risk factors for celiac disease.

Celiac disease prevention

There is no way to prevent celiac disease, but early diagnosis and treatment can help to prevent complications. If you have a family history of celiac disease, you may want to talk to your doctor about being tested for the disease.

Celiac disease - therapy and prognosis

The only effective treatment for celiac disease is a strict gluten-free diet. A gluten-free diet means avoiding all foods that contain wheat, barley, and rye. This can be challenging, but it is essential for people with celiac disease to follow a gluten-free diet in order to prevent symptoms and complications.

The prognosis for people with celiac disease who follow a gluten-free diet is generally good. With treatment, most people with celiac disease can live normal, healthy lives.

Here are some additional resources that you may find helpful:

• Celiac Disease Foundation: https://celiac.org/
• Mayo Clinic: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/celiac-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20352220
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease

What are the key findings of the Tackling Child Sexual Exploitation Progress Report by the Home Office?

 The Tackling Child Sexual Exploitation Progress Report by the Home Office provides an assessment of the UK government's progress in dealing with child sexual exploitation. Here are some key findings from the report:

• The report outlines the progress made since the original report "Tackling Child Sexual Exploitation" was published in March 2015
  1
  .
• The government has made significant progress in dealing with child sexual exploitation, including the allocation of £14 million of additional funding for direct support for victims and survivors
  2
  .
• The report highlights the importance of multi-agency working in tackling child sexual exploitation, and the government has taken steps to improve information sharing and joint working between agencies
  3
  .
• The government has introduced new legislation to strengthen the response to child sexual exploitation, including the introduction of new offences and tougher sentences for offenders
  4
  .
• The report emphasizes the importance of early intervention and prevention in tackling child sexual exploitation, and the government has taken steps to improve education and awareness-raising around the issue
  1
  .
• The government has also taken steps to improve support for victims and survivors of child sexual exploitation, including the introduction of new support services and the establishment of a national helpline
  1
  .

Overall, the Tackling Child Sexual Exploitation Progress Report highlights the progress made by the UK government in dealing with child sexual exploitation, but also emphasizes the need for continued action and improvement in this area.

1

thinkuknow

2

parliament

3

local

4

www

Muslim sex offenders in UK

 The issue of sexual grooming and abuse in the UK has been a topic of discussion for many years. There have been claims that Muslim men are disproportionately represented among sexual offenders, particularly in cases of grooming gangs. However, recent studies and reports have challenged this narrative and highlighted that the majority of sexual offenders are white men

1

2

3

. Here are some key points from the search results:

• A 2020 Home Office report concluded that there is no credible evidence that any one ethnic group is over-represented in cases of child sexual exploitation, and that group-based offenders are most commonly white
  2
  3
  .
• While it is concerning that some Muslim men make up a disproportionate number of offenders, the issue is often framed as an exclusively "Muslim problem", which reinforces racist stereotypes of Muslim men as threatening and regressive
  1
  .
• The term "grooming gang" often suggests Pakistani-heritage Muslim men abusing white girls, but this is not supported by research
  2
  3
  .
• The claims that grooming gangs were not properly investigated due to political correctness and a fear of being accused of racism are heavily undermined by decades of research highlighting the consistent over-policing of minority communities
  2
  3
  .
• There have been high-profile cases of grooming gangs involving mostly British-born Muslim men, but these cases do not represent the majority of sexual abuse cases in the UK
  4
  .
• Sexual abuse should always be taken seriously, and there is only one thing in common with sexual predators – the crimes they’ve committed. But their background is often irrelevant
  1
  .

It is important to acknowledge and address the issue of sexual abuse and grooming in the UK, but it is also important to avoid perpetuating harmful stereotypes and to recognize that sexual offenders come from all backgrounds.

1

metro

2

ucl

3

theguardian

4

tribune