what is the impact of Arab-Muslim slave trade on Africa?

 The Arab-Muslim slave trade had a significant impact on Africa. The slave trade began long before the Islamic conquest of Africa and lasted for over a millennium

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. The Arab slave trade was most active in West Asia, North Africa, and Southeast Africa, and rough estimates place the number of black Africans enslaved in the twelve centuries prior to the 20th century at between 11.5 million to 15 million

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. Slaves were captured through kidnappings, raids, and warfare, and the pervasive insecurity, violence, and warfare had detrimental impacts on the institutional, social, and economic development of societies

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. According to the best estimates, by 1800 Africa’s population was half of what it would have been, had the slave trades not occurred

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The feminine-oriented Arab slave trade caused far greater demographic damage and consequently greater economic decline, with its excessive poaching of the reproductive potential of the harvested areas

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The Arab slave trade was structured around two main roads: the maritime traffic between the coast of East Africa and those of the Middle East on the one hand, and the trans-Saharan caravan traffic on the other

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. The Arab slave trade was not limited to Africa, as it also involved the Indian subcontinent

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The Arab slave trade had a tragic impact on the evolution of African societies, and some areas were completely devastated and depopulated

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. The slave trades appear to have played an important role in shaping the fabric of African society today, including economic prosperity, ethnic diversity, institutional quality, the prevalence of conflict, the prevalence of HIV, trust levels, female labor force participation rates, and the practice of polygyny

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Citations:

[1] https://newafricanmagazine.com/16616/

[2] https://cepr.org/voxeu/columns/understanding-long-run-effects-africas-slave-trades

[3] https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-Arab-Islam-Africa-Inter-religious-Dialogue/dp/1851682732

[4] https://www.fairplanet.org/dossier/beyond-slavery/forgotten-slavery-the-arab-muslim-slave-trade/

[5] https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/us-history/precontact-and-early-colonial-era/before-contact/a/african-societies-and-the-beginning-of-the-atlantic-slave-trade

[6] https://www.jstor.org/stable/26200283

[7] https://www.jstor.org/stable/26500685

[8] https://www.fairplanet.org/dossier/beyond-slavery/the-impact-of-slavery-on-modern-africa/

[9] https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2000-02-13-0002160337-story.html

[10] https://jcpa.org/article/the-arab-muslim-slave-trade-lifting-the-taboo/

[11] https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Legacy-of-Arab-Islam-in-Africa/John-Allembillah-Azumah/9781851682737

[12] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_Muslim_world

[13] https://ldhi.library.cofc.edu/exhibits/show/african-muslims-in-the-south/introduction

[14] https://www.thehistoryville.com/arab-slave-trade/

[15] https://www.dw.com/en/east-africas-forgotten-slave-trade/a-50126759

[16] https://study.com/academy/lesson/arab-slave-trade-in-africa.html