What is the difference between nach and zu in German?

 In German, "nach" and "zu" can both be used to indicate direction or movement towards a place. However, there are some differences in usage:

1. "Nach" is used when referring to movement towards a city, country, or geographical location. For example: "Ich fahre nach Berlin" (I'm going to Berlin), or "Wir fliegen nach Italien" (We're flying to Italy).

2. "Zu" is used when referring to movement towards a specific destination, such as a person's house, a store, or a specific location within a city. For example: "Ich gehe zu meinem Freund" (I'm going to my friend's place), or "Ich gehe zum Supermarkt" (I'm going to the supermarket).

3. "Zu" is also used when indicating the purpose or intention of going somewhere. For example: "Ich gehe zum Arzt" (I'm going to the doctor), or "Ich gehe zum Schwimmen" (I'm going swimming).

It's important to note that these are general guidelines, and there may be some exceptions or variations in specific contexts.