what are the causes of hemophilia?

Hemophilia is a rare, hereditary bleeding disorder in which the blood does not clot properly. It is caused by a mutation or change in one of the genes that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins needed to form a blood clot

. Hemophilia occurs in two sub-types: hemophilia A and hemophilia B. In hemophilia A, there is a lack or total absence of coagulation factor VIII

symptoms

The most common symptom of hemophilia is bleeding, particularly into the joints and muscles. When a person with hemophilia is injured, they do not bleed faster than a person without hemophilia, but it takes longer for bleeding to stop. Bleeding may start again several days after an injury or surgery. Small cuts or surface bruises usually are not a problem, but deeper injuries may result in bleeding episodes that can lead to permanent disability unless they are treated promptly. Other symptoms of hemophilia include easy bruising, prolonged nosebleeds, or vomiting of blood

diagnosis

Diagnosis includes screening tests and clotting factor tests. Screening tests are blood tests that show if the blood is clotting properly. Clotting factor tests, also called factor assays, are required to diagnose a bleeding disorder. This blood test shows the type of hemophilia and the severity. It is important to know the type and severity to create an appropriate treatment plan

treatments

The best way to treat hemophilia is to replace the missing blood clotting factor so that the blood can clot properly. This is typically done by injecting treatment products, called clotting factor concentrates, into a person's vein. Clinicians typically prescribe treatment products for episodic care or prophylactic care. Episodic care is used to stop a patient's bleeding episodes; prophylactic care is used to prevent bleeding episodes from occurring. Today, it's possible for people with hemophilia, and their families, to learn how to give their own clotting factor treatment products at home. Giving factor treatment products at home means that bleeds can be treated quicker, resulting in less serious bleeding and fewer side effects

.The main medication to treat hemophilia A is concentrated FVIII product, called clotting factor or simply factor. Hemophilia B is treated with concentrated clotting factor IX. Clotting factor concentrates can be made from human blood or recombinant clotting factors. Clotting factors are easy to store, mix, and use at home

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cause

Hemophilia is caused by a mutation or change in one of the genes that provides instructions for making the clotting factor proteins needed to form a blood clot. This change or mutation can prevent the clotting protein from working properly or to be missing altogether. Hemophilia is almost always a genetic disorder, and it is usually inherited from a person's parents

Difference between hemophilia A and B

Hemophilia A and B are both bleeding disorders that are congenital (passed on at birth through the genes) and are caused by a low level or absence in one of the 'factors' normally found in the blood that help make a stable blood clot. The differences between hemophilia A and B are in the factor that is missing or at a low level. Hemophilia A means low levels of factor VIII (8), and hemophilia B is low levels of factor IX (9)

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