By Munaeem Jamal - January 4, 2025 The year 1971 remains one of the most consequential in Pakistan's political history. It fundamentally reshaped the relationship between civilian leadership and military power. The Pakistani Army's role during this tumultuous period was paradoxical. It served as the instrument of state repression that led to national dismemberment. It also acted as the catalyst that elevated Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to power amidst its own institutional humiliation. The Army as Enforcer: Operation Searchlight and State Violence The Pakistani military's descent into infamy began on the night of March 25, 1971, with the launch of Operation Searchlight. Under the orders of President Yahya Khan, the army initiated what would become known as the Bangladesh genocide, targeting Bengali intellectuals, political activists, and civilians in a systematic campaign of terror. The operation aimed to suppress the Bengali nationalist movement that emerged after ...
Strategic analysis on geopolitics, financial systems, and Pakistani affairs, blended with personal stories and commentary from Karachi. Written by Munaeem Jamal.